Simply four years after Dmitri Mendeleev published his periodic desk published in 1871, predicted the ingredient 31 and gave it the provisional identify eka-aluminum, spectroscopic evidence of the presence of the ingredient was provided in a sphalerite sample by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran. Lecoq later discovered other elements, however named gallium, his first, from Latin for Gaul, the realm occupied by his French homeland. For the subsequent eighty-five years it was primarily a curiosity - a metal that is solid at room temperature however liquefies within the hand - however which is used within the manufacture of steel alloys with special properties akin to: B. Low temperatures found use - melting points in high temperature thermometers and as a reflective compound in mirrors.

Frederick Kozak, Appia’s President, comments: "The preis gallium concentrations on the Property are exceptional. Gallium was present in naturally occurring high-concentrations on the Property that far-exceed present concentrations required for international production of gallium. The presence of gallium in the high-grade REO system on the Alces Lake property helps distinguish the Property as a possible world-class asset for prime-valued vital components required for sustainable production of advanced technological applications".

Tantalum and niobium are usually found in ores collectively, primarily in coltan. 80% of coltan is mined in the Congo and sold to the very best bidder by militias of surrounding countries in, in keeping with the UN, "highly organized and systematic exploitation" ("Coltan, Gorillas, and Cellphones," 2001), (Chadwick, Alex, 2001). Cobalt is typically found in copper or nickel ores. 40% of cobalt comes from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where it is primarily mined by artisanal miners who sell the ore to international firms, primarily in China (Benham, A. J., 2005).